Functional neurological disorder is a recent and comprehensive term that encompasses what is known as functional transformation. It refers to the presence of neurological symptoms that cannot be classified under a specific psychiatric or medical category. Despite the lack of a clear diagnosis for this disorder, the symptoms are real and significantly impact individuals’ lives, causing severe distress or difficulties in performing daily tasks.

The manifestations and symptoms of functional neurological disorder vary depending on the type, often affecting motor and sensory functions such as walking, swallowing, vision, or hearing. Symptoms can vary in severity, appearing intermittently or persistently. However, individuals cannot intentionally control the occurrence of these symptoms.

While the exact cause of functional neurological disorder is still unknown, it may be linked to neural reactions, sensitivity to stress, psychological trauma, or even physical injury, though this is not a consistent pattern. The disorder is associated with the brain’s functioning rather than structural damage, as seen in conditions like stroke or multiple sclerosis.

Early diagnosis and treatment, including raising awareness about this type of disorder, can facilitate the recovery process.

Causes:

The precise cause of functional neurological disorder remains unknown. The theories related to changes in the brain leading to the appearance of symptoms are complex and involve several mechanisms that may differ based on the type of functional neurological symptoms.

Fundamentally, parts of the brain controlling muscle and sensory functions may be affected, despite the absence of a specific illness or structural deformity.

Symptoms of functional neurological disorder may suddenly appear after a triggering event, such as acute stress, psychological or physical trauma. Other stimuli include changes or disruptions in how the brain functions at the structural, cellular, and metabolic levels, but the triggers for symptoms are not always identifiable.

Risk Factors:

Factors that may increase the likelihood of developing functional neurological disorder include:

– Having neurological diseases or disorders like epilepsy, migraine, or movement disorders.
– Recent exposure to acute stress, physical or psychological trauma.
– Presence of mental health disorders such as mood disorders, anxiety, dissociative disorders, or specific personality disorders.
– Family history of neurological conditions or symptoms.
– Previous exposure to physical or sexual abuse or neglect during childhood.
– Women may be more susceptible to functional neurological disorder than men.

Complications:

Some symptoms of functional neurological disorder, especially when left untreated, can lead to severe disability and a diminished quality of life, resembling issues caused by medical problems or diseases. The following symptoms may accompany functional neurological disorder:

– Pain.
– Anxiety disorders, including panic disorders.
– Depression.
– Insomnia.
– Fatigue.

For more details, contact us.”